Queen's University

Overview
Founded in 1841, Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario is one of Canada’s leading research-intensive institutions, combining quality and intensity in research with excellence in undergraduate and graduate education.
Research is a core component of the mission of Queen’s University. A member of the U15, a group of Canada’s leading research-intensive universities, Queen’s ranks highly in terms of research funding and research intensity amongst universities nationally.
Their commitment to research excellence is evident in the many exceptional national and international accolades awarded to their researchers, most recently Queen’s Professor Emeritus Dr. Arthur B. McDonald was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics – with co-recipient Takaaki Kajita of Japan – in Stockholm, Sweden.
This excellence, found across disciplines – from health care, the environment, materials, energy, law, economics, culture, and many others – attracts the best students, the best faculty, and the best collaborators from local and global communities, other institutions, government, and industry.
Through their diverse programs, Queen’s university promotes social innovation, fosters creative expression, and explores how societies work best. And it’s this culture of excellence that has made Queen’s one of Canada’s leading research universities.
Queen’s Partnerships and Innovation
The Queen’s Partnerships and Innovation (QPI) team supports the advancement of partnerships, research collaborations, and knowledge mobilization as well as innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic development. The QPI team develops and facilitates partnerships with industry, governments, not-for-profit organizations, and other academic institutions to advance the research enterprise at Queen’s and the commercialization of inventions, and to strengthen the regional innovation ecosystem in Kingston and Eastern Ontario. 
With support from external funding, the QPI team offers numerous services, resources and programs to support entrepreneurs, including those from Queen’s, and to accelerate the growth of startups and small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within Kingston and Eastern Ontario. The team has transformed more than 1,000 invention disclosures into hundreds of technologies covered by at least one patent; additionally, the team has supported the founding and-or acceleration of hundreds of startups and SMEs in the Kingston region.

<h1 id="background">Background</h1>
Glaucoma is a heterogenous group of eye diseases caused by increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) that damage the optic nerve. It is the second leading cause of blindness globally and the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Global estimates of the prevalence of glaucoma were 76 million in 2020 and this is expected to increase to 111.8 million by 2040. The effects of glaucoma are gradual and progress undetected. Vision loss from glaucoma is irreversible so early detection and continuous monitoring are essential to slow the progression of disease. Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is the gold standard for monitoring IOP levels. The challenge with this technique is that it requires local anesthetic, it must be performed by a trained professional and only a few readings are obtained annually. The IOP is known to fluctuate throughout the day and is impacted by several factors including changes in heart rate and body position. Additionally, the shape of the eye changes with changing IOP and this can be exploited to develop novel IOP monitoring tools. These facts support the need for an at home IOP monitoring system that provides longitudinal data. Continuous monitoring devices that accurately detect IOP fluctuations, can detect glaucoma, track its progression, and allow a more individualized therapeutic response.
<h1 id="technology-overview">Technology Overview</h1>
A soft contact lens was developed with an embedded micro fluidic channel. The properties and channel design of the lens allow them to capture changes in the internal volume of the channel, which correspond to changes in corneal curvature. The microchannel is partially filled with an incompressible fluid. Any change in volume displaces the fluid in the microchannel providing a visual indication of changes in corneal curvature. This change will be compared to a reference frame built into the lens. The contact lens will be worn throughout the day and will be used with a smartphone camera to take images of the contact lens periodically. Machine learning algorithms in the smartphone app will capture changes in the microchannel fluid and provide an absolute IOP value and change in IOP in mmHg. Information can be read at any time of day in either an upright or reclined position. 
<img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets.in-part.com/technologies/figures/P1cplWDhQxKDaoy7agfM_Fig-1.jpg" alt="Figure 1" />
<img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets.in-part.com/technologies/figures/zkg6xiDFQu2vPmkqDRkG_Figure-2.png" alt="Figure 2" />
The contact lens-based monitoring device was evaluated to test the accuracy of the contact lenses to capture changes in IOP. Fresh enucleated porcine eyes were selected due to their similar shape and properties to the human eye. Water was inserted into the sclera of the eye using a syringe pump to manually increase IOP between 10 and 34 mm Hg. The IOP was monitored with a Miller Micro-Tio Pressure Catheter Transducer threaded into the other side of the sclera.
<img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets.in-part.com/technologies/figures/Qun7JltFQzKWjXR2Uc5L_Fig-3.jpg" alt="Figure 3" />
To evaluate the reliability of the contact lens-based monitoring device three separate contact lens devices were tested twice on a single eye. At baseline and with every 2mm Hg increase in IOP, a picture of the contact lens was taken. The displacement of indicator fluid was calculated by comparing the reference markers included as part of the contact lens device. The indicator fluid showed a linear relationship between fluid displacement and IOP for all devices. The average fluid displacement was 28.5 µm/mm Hg with a SD of 2.4. 
<img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets.in-part.com/technologies/figures/lghfYMkJRrS3rm4b5QW3_4.jpg" alt="Figure 4" />
To assess the ability of the contact lens device to measure the IOP of different eyes, a single device was tested on three eyes. The three eyes had different corneal shape, thickness, and biomechanical properties. The indicator fluid was analyzed at baseline and at every 2mm Hg increase in IOP. The movement of indicator fluid showed a linear relationship with increasing IOP for all eyes, at the slopes of 26.4, 29.3 and 28 µm/mm Hg for the eyes 1, 2 and 3. The response was similar between the three eyes with an average fluid movement of 27.9 µm/mm Hg with a SD of 1.5. 
<img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets.in-part.com/technologies/figures/R7PweJ6XTNaOXeUjHydI_Fig-5.jpg" alt="Figure 5" />
To track fluctuations in the IOP throughout the day, when the IOP increases the indicator fluid must travel in an anterograde direction and with decreases in IOP the fluid must travel in a retrograde direction. To study this, IOP was cycled between 10 and 40 mm Hg for a total of four cycles and the indicator fluid monitored. There was an initial decrease in indicator travel distance after the first cycle, but in subsequent cycles the indicator fluid returned to 92% of the original position for the outer tracking point and 85% for the inner tracking point. 
<img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets.in-part.com/technologies/figures/PUYoarb0T1yJSsNLPdI4_Fig-6.jpg" alt="Figure 6" />
<h1 id="benefits">Benefits</h1>
<ul>
<li>System enables acquisition of many IOP measurements over a day and longer</li>
<li>Non-invasive and inexpensive technique</li>
<li>High sensitivity, providing robust IOP measurements</li>
<li>Reproducible results with different eye shapes and sizes</li>
<li>Able to overcome variations in eye physiology</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="opportunity">Opportunity</h1>
Seeking licensing partners, research and development partners or venture funding 
<h3 id="further-details">Further Details</h3>
Campigotto A, Leahy S, Zhao G, Campbell RJ, Lai Y. Non-invasive Intraocular pressure monitoring with contact lens. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020 Sep;104(9):1324-1328. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313714">http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313714</a>